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(詳細はphonological history of the Scots language. Scots has its origins in Old English (OE) via early Northern Middle English;〔(A History of Scots to 1700 ), DOST Vol. 12 pp. lix-lx〕 though loanwords from Old Norse〔A History of Scots to 1700, pp. lxii〕 and Romance sources are common, especially from ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Anglo-Norman and Middle French borrowings.〔A History of Scots to 1700, pp. lxiii-lxv〕 Trade and immigration led to some borrowings from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch.〔A History of Scots to 1700, pp. lxiii〕 Some vocabulary has been borrowed from Scotland's other language, Gaelic.〔A History of Scots to 1700, pp. lxi〕 ==Consonants== Instance of between and were lost or did not develop:〔Scottish National Dictionary, (Introduction ) Vol I p. xxii〕〔A History of Scots to 1700, p. ci〕 :OE ''æmerge'' → Modern Scots ''emmers'' and English ''embers'' :OE ''þýmel'' → Modern Scots ''thimmle'' and English ''thimble'' :OE ''timber'' → Modern Scots ''timmer'' and English ''timber'' Certain clusters were reduced: :A word-final reduced to 〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxii〕 except in some inflected forms (e.g. Modern Scots ''act'', ''expect'', ''strict''). : reduced to in final position (e.g. Modern Scots ''attempt'', ''corrupt'').〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxii〕 Note that the English words like ''empty'' that come from OE words that did not have a cluster also don’t have clusters in Scots (in this case, OE ''æmetig'' became Scots ''empy''). : often reduced to (e.g. OE ''fréond'', 'friend', became Modern Scots ''freend'').〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxii〕〔A History of Scots to 1700, p. ci〕 :Final often reduced to (e.g. Modern Scots ''auld'' 'old').〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxii〕 :OE and clusters appeared word-initially, though this feature is now highly recessive (e.g. ''knaw'', 'know'; ''gnegum'', 'tricky nature').〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxii〕〔A History of Scots to 1700, p. ci〕 While OE became in Modern English, Scots has retained the original pronunciation (e.g. OE ''scylfe'', 'shelf', became ''skelf'').〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxii〕 Old English became when adjacent to a front vowel (e.g. ''shinners'' from OE ''sinder'', 'cinder'). OE was often dropped in certain contexts:〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxiii〕 :OE ''delfan'' → Modern Scots ''del'' and English ''delve'' :OE ''déoful'' → Modern Scots ''dou'' and English ''dove'' :OE ''gefan'' → Modern Scots ''gie'' and English ''give'') In contexts where OE and palatalized to and , respectively, in Modern English (that is, after a front vowel), Scots has retained the original velar pronunciation:〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxii〕 :OE ''birce'' → Scots ''birk'' and English ''birch'' :OE ''bréc'' → Scots ''breeks'' and English ''britches'' :OE ''þæc'' → Scots ''thack'' and English ''thatch'' :OE ''giccan'' → Scots ''yeuk'' and English ''itch'' :OE ''hrycg'' → Scots ''rig'' and English ''ridge'' Word final OE (written or ) was deleted in a few words (e.g. OE ''múð'', 'mouth', became ''mou'' in Scots).〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxiii〕〔A History of Scots to 1700, p. ci〕 OE was lost in English, but remained so in Scots:〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxiii〕 :OE ''beorht'' → Modern Scots ''bricht'' and English ''bright'' :OE ''hlóh'' → Modern Scots ''lauch'' and English ''laugh'' :OE ''þóht'' → Modern Scots ''thocht'' and English ''thought'' However, some words such as ''tho'' (though) and ''throu'' ('through') have dropped the . Old English became for a number of speakers, though is widespread (e.g. OE ''hwæt'', 'what', became ''whit'').〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxiii〕 Metathesis occurred in some words (e.g. OE ''græs'', 'grass', became ''girse'').〔A History of Scots to 1700, p. ci〕 OE became vocalised after resulting in the diphthong in Modern Scots (e.g. ''boga'', 'bow', became ''bowe'').〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxii〕〔A History of Scots to 1700, p. xc〕 Similarly, in the Early Scots period, was vocalized after: : (e.g. ''pullian'', 'pull', became Modern Scots ''pou'').〔A History of Scots to 1700, p. xc〕 : (e.g. ''bolster'', 'bolster', became Modern Scots ''bowster''),〔A History of Scots to 1700, p. xc〕 becoming and then changing to in Modern Scots.〔Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxiv〕 : (e.g. ''healdan'', 'hold', became Modern Scots ''haud'');〔A History of Scots to 1700, p. xc〕 becoming and then changing to or , depending on dialect. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phonological history of Scots」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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